CellMed

Inflammation has been linked to various diseases. Especially, fatigue is a frequent symptom in several inflammatory disorders. Therefore, blocking inflammatory process is effective in fatigue. We investigated whether Denmark porcine placenta (DPP) alleviates fatigue by inhibiting inflammatory reaction using forced swimming test (FST) animal model and RAW264.7 cells. In FST-induced fatigue animal model, the mice which received the DPP for 21 days showed decreases of interleukin $(IL)-1{eta}$ and IL-6 serum levels. Furthermore, our data revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced $IL-1{eta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis $factor-{alpha}$ secretion were markedly inhibited by DPP in RAW264.7 cells without inducing cytotoxicity. LPS-enhanced nitric oxide secretion and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression were inhibited by DPP. The present study also figured out that these effects of DPP were mediated by blockade of caspase-1 and nuclear $factor-{kappa}B$ activation. Taken together, our results indicated that DPP could be alleviating fatigue as candidate of anti-inflammatory agent.

Keywords: Denmark porcine placenta, fatigue, RAW264.7 cells, inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, caspase-1, $NF-{kappa}B$